Elance Journalism Test Answers

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What's the difference between broadsheet and tabloid newspapers?
Tabloid newspapers have fewer crime stories.
Broadsheet newspapers are only printed in the South.
Broadsheet newspapers focus on the financial sector.
Tabloid newspapers are printed on narrower paper.


Writings that are very opinionated and expose wild claims are often described as:
Tabloid journalism
Civic journalism
Investigative journalism
Gonzo journalism


What does it mean to "scoop" another news organization?
To bring a story to print first.
To hire away their best reporter.
To buy their newspaper and re-name it.
To steal a story they've already printed.


True or False? Press syndicates are agencies that sell to newspapers, other special media, and artwork.
False
True


In a democratic society, a strong premise of journalism states that access to free information plays a central role in creating a system of government ________.
in-kind contributions
linking mission with more power for the press
volunteerism (information should be free so reporters should also work for free)
checks and balances
linking mission with money


True or False? Hearst and Pulitzer had a publication war.
True
False


What is a cutline?
The table of contents
The heading or an article
The caption that comes with a magazine/newspaper photograph
The last sentence of an article


The first obligation a journalist has is to his or her...
sources
readers
newspaper bosses
advertisers
editors


In newspaper typesetting, what are widows and orphans?
Paragraphs that are used to pad stories that are too short.
Long lines of text that serve no purpose.
Short lines of text that are used to form a circle.
Short lines of text at the beginning or end of columns that leave white space.


If a paper is "put to bed," it means:
The paper has been bought out by another company.
The pages are all complete and headed to the printer.
The newspaper's edition has been canceled by the editor.
Every copy of a particular issue was sold.


What is a "nut" graf?
The paragraph that ends the story.
The paragraph that reveals the story's sources.
The paragraph that describes the people involved.
The paragraph that explains why the story is significant.


Which best describes the term 'Muckraker' ?
tabloid journalists that spread lies
one who spreads alleged scandals about others for political advantage
A novice journalist reporting on small interest stories
Magazine journalists that document celebrities' lives


Where is the lead (or "lede") located in a news story?
Beginning of the first paragraph.
After the byline.
Beginning of the second page.
In the headline.


A publication's circulation is measured by:
The number of other publications who cite it.
The number of copies distributed to subscribers.
The number of copies sold.
The number of cities where it is available.


A newspaper's physical archive is sometimes called a:
Plate.
Proof.
Morgue.
Backup.


Which of the following is NOT a news agency?
Agence France-Presse
The Associated Press
Reuters
The Chicago Tribune


A "cutline" is most commonly placed:
Beneath the masthead.
In the middle of a feature article.
At the beginning of a news article.
Under a photo or illustration.


Which of the following are advantages of the "inverted pyramid" style?
Allows the story to be easily edited for length by trimming the bottom.
(all of these)
Presents the most important facts quickly to busy readers.
Lets the headline writer understand the story quickly.


A sidebar story:
Supports or makes more clear a larger story.
Runs as opposition to an opinion piece.
Wraps around a feature photograph.
Is only printed in a narrow column.


What is a "column inch"?
The space taken by one newspaper story.
The space taken by a column of text one inch high.
The number of words in an inch of newspaper text.
A recurring feature with editorial content.


A jumpline should tell the reader:
What part of the story is most important.
Who presented a specific fact.
The name of the photographer.
What page a story continues on.


What is "the gutter"?
The space between margins across facing pages.
The space off the page to the left.
The space off the page to the right.
The top drawer of the editor's desk.


To compete with online and continuous news outlets, small newspapers should sensationalize the news.
False
True


When applying for a job as a reporter, a publisher or editor (whoever is doing the hiring) may ask for what credentials
B. Job references
D. Flawless driving skills
A, B, and C
C. College degree in communications, English, journalism or some related field
A. Writing samples


What is "beat" reporting?
Poetry writing.
Reporting on a regular basis.
Reporting on a specific topic or location.
Column writing.


When a news source asks to review the reporter's story before it goes to press, most news papers:
Ask the source to buy advertising first and then they will let them review the editorial copy before it goes to print
Expect the source to edit the reporters work, since the news source is the one who provided the facts in the first place
Completely agree to share all of the story's content for the source's review and final approval
Are willing to verify quotes with the source for accuracy but will not allow them to see the full story before it is published.


When a story "jumps," that means it:
Is picked up by the wire services.
Captures the reader's attention.
Continues on another page.
Continues in a different edition.


A leading question used by an interviewer is designed to do what?
To lead the interviewee to answer a question in a particular way.
To lead the interviewee into a different topic
To get the interviewee to elaborate on a previous answer.


Which of the following is considered soft news?
A set of twins in New York City robbed a bank together.
A set of twins in New York City is celebrating their 75th birthday together.
A car was stolen in a small, local town.
Sochi has been selected to host the Olympics.


Which of the following represents a conflict of interest for a reporter?
A story with more than two sources.
A story whose publication will benefit the reporter.
A story the reporter does not understand.
A story the reporter finds exceptionally interesting.


How does a quote differ from an attribution?
Quotes and attributions are the same.
A quote reproduces the precise words of a subject; an attribution tells a reader where information came from.
A quote can be anonymous; an attribution is always from a named source.
An attribution is only used for photographs.


What does "above the fold" refer to?
A perfect interview subject.
Top half of the front page.
An anonymous source.
Top half of the back page.


A "feature" story means the story:
Has news value, but is also meant to entertain a reader.
Is presented in several newspapers at once.
Is broken up into several sections.
Will be placed prominently on the front page.


What are "bumping heads"?
Letters to the editor that contradict one another.
Two similarly-sized headlines arranged too closely to one another.
Enlarged type used to distinguish lead paragraphs.
A newspaper flag that's too close to the top.


What is the inverted pyramid?
Illustrates the placing of the least important information first within a text
The ladder of opportunities that a journalist can achieve
The steps of validating your references
Illustrates the placing of the most important information first within a text


The NY Times wrote an article about the explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor that was branded as Spanish sabotage, without providing any evidence. What type of journalism is this?
Yellow journalism
Propagandist journalism
Investigative journalism
Political journalism


Which of the following is likely to issue a press release?
A radio station.
A local newspaper.
A national magazine.
A private organization or business.


True or False? Pack journalism is when reporters rely on each other for information
False
True


What is 'Yellow' journalism?
A highly personal style of writing
(all of these)
Writing that advocates particular views
Writing which emphasizes exaggerated claims or rumors


Why do editors prefer to measure story length in characters, rather than words?
Characters more accurately reflect physical space.
Computers are better at counting characters.
Characters are vital to a good story.
The numbers are larger and more impressive.


Why is a newspaper more likely to be sued for libel than for slander?
A newspaper is equally likely to be sued for slander.
Libel applies to the written word, while slander is spoken.
Slander is no longer illegal in the US.
Libel is better defined in US case law.


What is the most neutral way to end a quotation?
"...he said."
"...he insisted."
"...he argued."
"...he noted."


Journalism ethics include the principle of "limitation of harm." This principle often involves ...
Refusing to publish a story about a respected community member when that citizen could feel embarrassed.
The withholding of names. such as names belonging to minor children or violent crime victims
Protecting a corrupt business owner's identity since he or she could be arrested.
Going to jail for refusing to divulge information about a serial killer, rapist or other violent criminal.


For online editions of a newspaper, reporters should focus more on getting the news posted quickly than on getting all the facts correct.
False
True


The lead is often found where?
After the introduction
Last two sentences
In the body of the writing
First two sentences


Where should the most important part of a news story be?
Wherever it chronologically comes in telling the story.
At the end.
It depends on the news story.
At the beginning.


When a good reporter is uncertain of a fact they will...
flag it so the copy desk knows to double check
assume their editor will catch
confirm it before sending the story along
post online and crowdsource the error


What is hard news?
Quickly written stories filled with hard facts.
News that will be difficult to comprehend.
Serious news with a a widespread impact.
Feature news stories.


In broadcast journalism, what is a SOT?
Sound on tape
Sign off time
Sound over traffic
Sign of traffic


What does it mean to "dummy" a page?
Add more photographs.
Build a chart that shows what goes where.
Change the stories to be easier to read.
Recraft the page to be more appealing to the eye.


Which term describes how journalism should be more devoted to finding solutions to society's problems?
Yellow journalism
Populist disseminator
Gonzo journalism
Civic journalism


What is the name of the U.S. award for achievements in journalism?
Pulitzer Prize
Columbia Prize
Ivy Prize
Hearst Prize


Alternative Press are:
All of these
Weekly
Free
Local


It's ethical for a reporter to accept a gift from an article's subject when:
The subject is a good friend or family member.
It is never ethical to accept a gift from a subject.
The subject is eager to have a story printed.
The subject is grateful for the story.


True of False: A press release and a public service announcement (PSA) are written for exactly the same purpose. It makes no sense as to why they're called different things.
Depends on who is circulating the PSA or press release.
False
True


True or False? A 'news hole' is the journalism space in a newspaper after advertisements.
True
False


What is a "reader?"
A broadcast story with ONLY added sound elements.
A story you read in any print publication
A broadcast story with NO added video or sound elements.
A broadcast story with ONLY added video elements.


What does a proofreader mean by "stet"?
This sentence is redundant.
This word is spelled incorrectly.
Great word choice.
Disregard earlier correction.


A business or manufacturer who wants a story that mentions their products or services must always pay for advertising before their story makes it to editorial copy.
Depends on how much money the company makes.
True
False


Why do news stories require multiple sources?
All of the above.
One source might give incomplete, if correct, facts.
One source may not be trustworthy.
One source might have the facts wrong.


A journalist that has a strong orientation towards the audience is often called a:
Critical change agent
Tabloid journalist
Populist disseminator
Opportunist facilitator


What does the term 'deck' mean?
Headline
Lead
Subhead
Nutgraph


True or False? Stories about lifestyles and trends are called 'soft news'.
True
False


How many stories does it take to fill a news budget?
5 per page
It varies from edition to edition.
20 per edition
10 per edition


What is involved in layer 2 of reporting?
Proof-reading
Least reliable sources
Expert resources
Opinions


What is 'Watchdog' journalism?
Writings about new trend alerts
No such thing
Writings about dogs
Type of writing that warns citizens with information about those that are doing them harm


A common format for asking investigative questions begins with the letters WWWW and H. In journalism, these letters mean
Who, What, When, Where and How
Wishing Words Would Write and Hypnotize
Whoever, Whatever, Whenever, Wherever and However
Writing With Wit, Wisdom and Humor


In journalism, a "source" is:
A public figure.
A specific person.
All of these.
An anonymous person.


When was 'New Journalism' brought in?
1980s
1990s
1940s
1960s


What is the paragraph that summarizes the background of an event?
Boilerplate
Executive summary
Closing
Nutgraph


What a legal term for false publication?
Slander
Libel
Fabrication
Plagiarism


Which of the following protects reporters' privileges when forced to disclose confidential information?
All of these
Reporters' law
Shield law
Confidential law


What are the 5 W's in news reporting?
Who, when, whatever, which, way
why, what whom, who, when
When what, where, witch, way
Who, What, When, Where, Why.


True or False? A disaster is considered soft news
True
False


What information is NOT typically included in the masthead?
(all of these)
Number of pages.
Names of publisher(s).
Contact information.


What does "rag right" mean?
The right margin of a block of type is uneven.
The text is justified on the right.
The text is justified on the left.
The right margin of a block of type is straight.


What information is NOT typically included in the folio?
Page number.
Name of the newspaper.
Name of the reporter.
Date of publication.


Who is most likely to have a pica pole?
Photographers
Crime reporters
Advertising sales staff
Production editors


Breaking news is...
Something that can wait until deadline
Something that Humpty Dumpty had issues with.
Something that needs to be fixed.
News that is happening at that moment and may affect viewers.
Something law enforcement needs to afddress


A term used for protective investigative journalism is:
Propagandist journalism
Sherlock journalism
None of these
Guardian journalism


What is 'Gonzo' journalism?
A highly personal style of writing
Writing about claims and rumors
Writing that advocates particular views
An overly exaggerated style of writing


What is a broadcast story mainly referred to as?
Report
Package
Article
Voiceover


What is considered "copy"?
Written text only
Photos and illustrations only
Stories run by other newspapers
Photos, illustrations, and written text


What is a 'hard lead' ?
A lead that reports a new fact or development
A lead that uses a quote or an anecdote to attract the reader
A lead that goes straight to the results or effect on people
A lead that has two or more important facts or developments


Avoid starting sentences with:
While the
This is
It is
As a


What is another name for the inverted pyramid?
FULB
BLUF
BLUB
FUBL


The one amendment that most journalists concern themselves with in regards to free speech is:
The Fifth Amendment
The First Amendment
The Second Amendment
The Fourth Amendment
The Third Amendment


An audio recording of a news maker used in a radio newscast is an
Actuality
Voicer
Sound clip
News bite


True or False? The Penny press was all about opinions.
False
True


Which of the following describes the social and cultural impact the media makes on society?
Magic bullet theory
Mass society theory
Meaning - Making Perspective
Macro-level effects


What is the top selling newspaper in the US?
Wall Street Journal
Los Angeles Times
USA Today
New York Times
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